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Place the arm horizontal and at the level of the heart
In most hypertensive individuals (90-95%) the true cause of high blood pressure is unknown. It is what we call essential hypertensive . In these individuals, hypertension is due to the joint action of several factors : heredity, constitution, race, psychological factors, type of diet and lifestyle.
The secondary hypertension occurs in 5-10% of hypertensive
individuals. In them, a specific and known cause is found, such as the presence
of kidney tumors or tumors of the hormone-producing glands, a malfunction of
the kidney, the taking of certain medications, the taking of cocaine, etc.
Symptoms of
hypertension
Hypertension is a disorder that usually does not give
symptoms but when it is present it progressively damages our body until causing
serious disabling injuries or even death, and this without prior warning:
strokes and cerebral hemorrhages, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart
failure, kidney failure, blindness, etc.
In some cases, nonspecific symptoms such as palpitations or
headaches may appear .
Diagnosis
The diagnosis will be based on the knowledge of the blood
pressure values with the help of the sphygmomanometer . Currently we have
automatic devices that allow us to know our blood pressure figures in a simple
way, in our own home and in various situations.
However, it is essential that some aspects are taken into
account to avoid obtaining false figures that can lead to inappropriate
treatments:
• In the previous hour, not having smoked or drinking
alcohol or coffee.
• Quiet environment without noise.
• Previous break of several minutes.
• Get into a sitting position.
• Place the arm horizontal and at the level of the heart.
• Reject the first pressure measurement obtained.
But it is significant to know that the diagnosis of arterial
hypertension should not be based on an isolated measurement since the figures
above 140/90 may be due to a trivial and transitory reason , such as previous
physical exercise, temporary emotional stress, taking some hypertensive
substance such as coffee, a technical error during the measurement, etc.
For all these reasons, the diagnosis of hypertension is made
when the figures in at least two determinations obtained in an adequate manner
exceed the values of 140/90.
It is essential that you know whether or not you are
hypertensive, because treatment delays and stops the progression of
cardiovascular complications associated with high blood pressure.
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